X not V
是X形不是V形
Taiwan's standard of living has just surpassed Japan's
台湾的生活水平日前超过日本
Nov 11th 2010
IN THE 1930s the Japanese economist Kaname Akamatsu proposed a theory of how the economies of Asia might take wing. It became known as the "flying geese" model of development. As Akamatsu pointed out, "Wild geese fly in orderly ranks forming an inverse V, just as aeroplanes fly in formation." Japan, the first Asian country to industrialise, would lead the way. Its neighbours would follow, breaking into new industries as the goose in front graduated out of them.
20世纪30年代，日本经济学家Kaname Akamatsu提出一个关于亚洲经济腾飞方式的理论， 被称为"雁行"发展模式。Akamatsu指出，"飞雁有序飞翔，形成一个倒V形，就像飞机列队飞行一样。"日本作为亚洲第一个实行工业化的国家，成为排头兵。日本的邻国跟在后面，走一条与日本不同的发展道路。
Yet this year Japan was overtaken by a goose in its slipstream―not China, which remains far poorer than Japan, even if its economy is now bigger, but rather the island economy of Taiwan. In 2010, according to the IMF, Japan's income per head will be $33,800; Taiwan's will be over $34,700.
但是，今年日本被一只原来在它后面的飞雁超过。这只飞雁不是中国，尽管现在中国的经济规模大于日本，但中国的人年均收入还远远低于日本。超过日本的这只飞雁是台湾，一个岛域经济体。根据国际货币基金组织的数据，2010年日本的人均收入将为33800美元，而台湾的则是34700美元。
These incomes are converted not at market exchange rates, but at purchasing-power parities (PPPs), taking account of the higher cost of living in Japan. By this measure, Taiwan is not the first of the trailing geese to overtake the leader. Singapore and Hong Kong caught Japan in the early 1990s. South Korea is also closing the gap. Akamatsu's inverse V is beginning to turn into an X.
这些收入不是按照市场汇率换算的，而是按照平均购买力计算的，把在日本更高的生活成本考虑了进去。按照这种方法，台湾不是雁行中第一个超过日本的经济体。新加坡和香港在20世纪90年代早期就超过了日本，而韩国与日本的差距也正在缩小。
Calculated at market rates, Japan's per head income ($42,300) remains far higher than Taiwan's ($18,300). Tokyo's chic districts are richer than their Taipei counterparts. And if Akamatsu's theory applies to a country's industrial mix, rather than its standard of living, Japan is well out in front. It is further along in the transition to a service economy, with industry accounting for less than a quarter of its GDP, compared with almost a third for Taiwan.
按照市场汇率计算，日本的人均收入42300美元还远高于台湾的18300美元。东京的繁华地区比台北的富裕。如果Akamatsu的理论是依据一个国家的产业混合状况，而不是生活水平，日仍处于绝对领先地位。日本向服务型经济的转变更深入，GDP中工业的比重小于1/4，而台湾的则将近1/3。
Yet despite 15 years of deflation, punishingly high prices still take a toll in Japan on people's standard of living. PPPs are based on a global survey of prices led by the World Bank in 2005. It found that Taiwan's housing was a third cheaper than Japan's, even though Taiwan has almost double the population density. Taiwan's food also costs only half as much as Japan's. The survey's price-checkers did their best to compare like with like, matching the price of staples and delicacies in each country. Inevitably the comparisons can be contested. Taiwanese food may seem cheap next to Japan's sashimi and fugu. But then again, how much would you pay for stinky tofu?
尽管日本遭遇了15年的通货紧缩，高得惊人的物价在日本人的生活水平方面还是一头拦路虎。购买力平价是以2005年世界银行牵头的全球价格调查为基础的。该调查发现，尽管台湾的人口密度几乎是日本的两倍，台湾的房价却比日本的便宜1/3；台湾的食品价格仅相当于日本的一半。价格调查员尽量采取同类相比的办法，把每个国家的大宗货物和珍稀货物分别比较。这些比较不可避免地会有争议。台湾的食品似乎便宜，仅次于日本的生鱼片和河豚。但是，问题又来了，你愿意出什么价来购买发臭的豆腐？
是X形不是V形
Taiwan's standard of living has just surpassed Japan's
台湾的生活水平日前超过日本
Nov 11th 2010
IN THE 1930s the Japanese economist Kaname Akamatsu proposed a theory of how the economies of Asia might take wing. It became known as the "flying geese" model of development. As Akamatsu pointed out, "Wild geese fly in orderly ranks forming an inverse V, just as aeroplanes fly in formation." Japan, the first Asian country to industrialise, would lead the way. Its neighbours would follow, breaking into new industries as the goose in front graduated out of them.
20世纪30年代，日本经济学家Kaname Akamatsu提出一个关于亚洲经济腾飞方式的理论， 被称为"雁行"发展模式。Akamatsu指出，"飞雁有序飞翔，形成一个倒V形，就像飞机列队飞行一样。"日本作为亚洲第一个实行工业化的国家，成为排头兵。日本的邻国跟在后面，走一条与日本不同的发展道路。
Yet this year Japan was overtaken by a goose in its slipstream―not China, which remains far poorer than Japan, even if its economy is now bigger, but rather the island economy of Taiwan. In 2010, according to the IMF, Japan's income per head will be $33,800; Taiwan's will be over $34,700.
但是，今年日本被一只原来在它后面的飞雁超过。这只飞雁不是中国，尽管现在中国的经济规模大于日本，但中国的人年均收入还远远低于日本。超过日本的这只飞雁是台湾，一个岛域经济体。根据国际货币基金组织的数据，2010年日本的人均收入将为33800美元，而台湾的则是34700美元。
These incomes are converted not at market exchange rates, but at purchasing-power parities (PPPs), taking account of the higher cost of living in Japan. By this measure, Taiwan is not the first of the trailing geese to overtake the leader. Singapore and Hong Kong caught Japan in the early 1990s. South Korea is also closing the gap. Akamatsu's inverse V is beginning to turn into an X.
这些收入不是按照市场汇率换算的，而是按照平均购买力计算的，把在日本更高的生活成本考虑了进去。按照这种方法，台湾不是雁行中第一个超过日本的经济体。新加坡和香港在20世纪90年代早期就超过了日本，而韩国与日本的差距也正在缩小。
Calculated at market rates, Japan's per head income ($42,300) remains far higher than Taiwan's ($18,300). Tokyo's chic districts are richer than their Taipei counterparts. And if Akamatsu's theory applies to a country's industrial mix, rather than its standard of living, Japan is well out in front. It is further along in the transition to a service economy, with industry accounting for less than a quarter of its GDP, compared with almost a third for Taiwan.
按照市场汇率计算，日本的人均收入42300美元还远高于台湾的18300美元。东京的繁华地区比台北的富裕。如果Akamatsu的理论是依据一个国家的产业混合状况，而不是生活水平，日仍处于绝对领先地位。日本向服务型经济的转变更深入，GDP中工业的比重小于1/4，而台湾的则将近1/3。
Yet despite 15 years of deflation, punishingly high prices still take a toll in Japan on people's standard of living. PPPs are based on a global survey of prices led by the World Bank in 2005. It found that Taiwan's housing was a third cheaper than Japan's, even though Taiwan has almost double the population density. Taiwan's food also costs only half as much as Japan's. The survey's price-checkers did their best to compare like with like, matching the price of staples and delicacies in each country. Inevitably the comparisons can be contested. Taiwanese food may seem cheap next to Japan's sashimi and fugu. But then again, how much would you pay for stinky tofu?
尽管日本遭遇了15年的通货紧缩，高得惊人的物价在日本人的生活水平方面还是一头拦路虎。购买力平价是以2005年世界银行牵头的全球价格调查为基础的。该调查发现，尽管台湾的人口密度几乎是日本的两倍，台湾的房价却比日本的便宜1/3；台湾的食品价格仅相当于日本的一半。价格调查员尽量采取同类相比的办法，把每个国家的大宗货物和珍稀货物分别比较。这些比较不可避免地会有争议。台湾的食品似乎便宜，仅次于日本的生鱼片和河豚。但是，问题又来了，你愿意出什么价来购买发臭的豆腐？
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