Same Bed, Different Dreams 同一个中国 不同的中国梦

Same Bed, Different Dreams 同一个中国 不同的中国梦

China has been doing a lot of dreaming lately. Analyzing these dreams might have driven Sigmund Freud to despair.
中国最近做了很多梦。分析这些梦境，弗洛伊德(Sigmund Freud)说不定都会感到绝望。

The dream sequences started appearing ahead of the Communist Party's national congress in November as the state media served up the "China Dream" as a counterpoint to the "American Dream" which was portrayed as too crass and materialistic.
这些梦最开始出现是在2012年11月中共全国代表大会召开之前，当时官方媒体对应"美国梦"提出了"中国梦"的说法。官方媒体说"美国梦"过于粗野、物质。

But it wasn't until new Communist Party chief Xi Jinping embraced it in a now famous speech at the National Museum at the end of November that the notion went viral. Speaking at an exhibit on "The Path to Renewal " ─ and with the entire standing committee of the party's Politburo looking on ─ he defined the "Chinese dream" in terms of "the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation."
但直到11月底新任中共中央总书记习近平在国家博物馆发表现已闻名于世的演讲时提到了"中国梦"，这个概念才流行起来。习近平与中共中央政治局常委参观《复兴之路》展览时发表讲话，将"中国梦"定义为"中华民族伟大复兴"。

With a nod to the exhibit's references to the Opium Wars, he noted the nation's weakness in the past and pointed to the need for strength in the future (in Chinese). He expressed his hopes for "getting things done" and reaching a modest level of prosperity by the time of the ruling party's 100th anniversary in 2021.
呼应展览中的鸦片战争内容，习近平提到了过去国力的衰弱以及将来增强国力的必要性。他表示希望大家"发扬实干精神"，努力实现2021年中国共产党成立100年时全面建成小康社会的目标。

Soon after, fellow Politburo standing committee member and former propaganda boss Liu Yunshan chimed in with his own dream analysis, focusing on the need for socialism with Chinese characteristics if the dream is to come true .
不久之后，同为政治局常委、曾任中宣部部长的刘云山也提出他自己对梦想的分析。他强调，要梦想成真，就一定要建设中国特色社会主义.

Since then, the official media have been sacrificing their own sleep in the great cause of cultivating this dream.
从那时候起，官方媒体牺牲了自己的睡眠，投入到培育这个梦想的伟大事业中来。

The party's flagship paper, the People's Daily, has given the theme the kind of space that writers usually only dream about. In one commentary called the People and Their Voices, the party's flagship paper echoed the "getting things done" refrain, saying this was the way to make the China dream come true. Wu Mingju, a propaganda apparatchik from Chengdu, intoned that the secret was for the party's cadres to go down to the grass roots levels and work hard.
中共旗舰报纸《人民日报》为这个主题留出了写作者常常只能梦想的版面。在一篇题为"群众抒群言"的评论文章里面，《人民日报》呼应"发扬实干精神"的旋律，表示只有实干才能圆梦。成都宣传干部吴明举阐述实干的秘密是党干部下基层、艰苦奋斗。

Another "voice of the people" came from Wei Xiaodong at the party's Central Academy of Socialism who described the task as "thinking of the people and gaining their support."
另一则"群言"则来自中央社会主义学院的魏晓东。他把"实干"称为"为老百姓着想，让老百姓拥护"。

And a Global Times commentator offered another contribution to the officially sanctioned dreaming, saying that his dream was for China to become a sea power with a blue water navy (in Chinese).
《环球时报》一位评论员则贡献了官方认可的另一种梦想，称他的梦想是让中国成为一个有强大海军的海洋强国。

But the party might also be reminded of the Chinese expression 'sleeping in the same bed but having different dreams.' While propaganda officials may share the same space with the rest of us, there are different views of the future.
但中共最好不要忘记中国有句老话：同床异梦。虽然宣传部门的官员可能认为大家拥有同一个梦想，但针对未来的看法却是不尽相同的。

One such unauthorized dream came from the Southern Weekly the feisty Guangzhou newspaper that has once again been at the center of a tug of war between the party's propaganda arm and journalists who want a bit more room for critical reporting. The latest dispute centered on a New Year's editorial titled 'A China Dream, a Dream of Constitutionalism,' which party censors allegedly pulled at the last minute in favor of a different editorial praising the party.
其中一个未经官方认可的梦想来自《南方周末》。活跃的《南方周末》再次置身一场拉锯战的中心。这场拉锯战的一方是中共宣传部门，另一方则是希望能多一点批评性报道空间的记者。最新这起争议围绕的是《南方周末》的新年献词《中国梦，宪政梦》。据说官方负责新闻审查的官员在最后一刻撤下这篇文章，换上一篇颂扬中共的社论。

The commentary that failed to make it into print had this to say: 'Only if constitutionalism is realized and power effectively checked can citizens voice their criticisms of power loudly and confidently, and only then can every person believe in their hearts that they are free to live their own lives. Only then can we build a truly free and strong nation.'(A note of thanks to Hong Kong University's China Media Project for its deft translation.)
那篇最终未能付印的新年献词是这么说的：兑现宪政，限权分权，公民们才能大声说出对公权力的批评；每个人才能依内心信仰自由生活；我们才能建成一个自由的强大国家。

Threats of a strike and street protests outside the paper's offices in Guangzhou ensued before the dispute was finally put to rest.
在该报广州办公楼外，罢工和街头抗议随之而来。最终这场纠纷得以平息。

But the censored version of the commentary was still visible online. On one little known website, I99, a user writing under the name 'silent China' posted the text of the original editorial under a photo of young people holding up a Chinese flag that appeared to have been taken during the Tiananmen Square protests in 1989.
但原来那篇因审查而遭禁的新年献词在网上仍然能够看得到。在一个鲜为人知的网站I99上，一位叫silent China的用户贴出了原来那篇新年献词的原文。文章的压题照片显示的是一群中国年轻人高举国旗的场景。这张照片似乎是在1989年天安门事件期间拍摄的。

Eventually, the unauthorized dreams were so disturbing that 'China dream' was blocked in searches on Sina Corp.'s Weibo microblogging service.
最终，这些未经官方认可的梦想是如此令人不安，以致于新浪微博已经阻止用户搜索"中国梦"三个关键字。

For some people, perhaps their vision of the future is an Impossible Dream.
对于一些人来说，也许他们对未来的憧憬是一个不可能实现的梦想。

Beijing's air pollution

Beijing's air pollution
北京的空气污染

Blackest day
最黑暗的日子

Jan 14th 2013, 4:49 by T.P. | BEIJING



ON January 12th of last year, in an article in the print edition of The Economist, we reported that the public outcry over Beijing's atrocious air quality was putting pressure on officials to release more data about more kinds of pollutants. We also noted that Chinese authorities had already embarked on a wide range of strategies to improve air quality, and that they probably deserve more credit than either foreign or domestic critics tend to give them. But we concluded with the sad reality that such work takes decades, and that "Beijing residents will need to wait before seeing improvements."

去年1月12日，我们在《经济学人》印刷版的一篇文章里报道了北京民众对该市残酷的空气质量表达了强烈抗议，使得政府开始公布更多类别的污染物数据一事。我们还指出，中国政府已经广泛实施了改善空气质量的策略，尽管遭到国内外的批评，当局的作为理应得到更多肯定。然而我们的结论伴随着悲哀的事实：这些工作耗时数十年，北京居民需漫漫苦等才能迎来空气改善的那天。

On January 12th of this year, Beijing residents got an acrid taste of what that wait might be like, as they suffered a day of astonishingly bad air. Pollution readings went, quite literally, off the charts. Saturday evening saw a reading of 755 on the Air Quality Index (AQI). That index is based on the recently revised standards of the American Environmental Protection Agency (the EPA), which nominally maxes out at 500. For more perspective, consider that any reading above 100 is deemed "unhealthy for sensitive groups" and that anything above 400 is rated "hazardous" for all.

今年的1月12日，北京居民在当日全天污浊的空气中品尝到了如同等待空气改善般的辛酸滋味。毫不夸张的说，污染指数一度"破表"。周六晚上空气质量指数（AQI）数值一度达到了755。美国环境保护局（EPA）近期修订的标准象征性地把该指数的上限定在500。具体一点来说，API指数大于100可认为"不适宜敏感人群"，大于400对所有人来说均为"有害"。

Like many Beijing residents, your correspondent has mobile-phone apps that keep up with the pollution readings. At an otherwise pleasant Saturday-evening meal with friends, he joined his companions in compulsively checking for updates.

就像许多北京居民一样，本文作者用手机应用程序来跟踪污染指数。在周六晚上与朋友聚餐时，他与同伴一道强迫症似的反复查看实时污染指数，破坏了聚餐应有的愉快。

Those previously unseen numbers were hard to believe, but they did seem to match up well enough with the noxious soup we could see, smell and taste outside. We are all far more familiar with the specifics of air-quality measurement than we would like to be. Apart from the AQI readings above 700, we were quite struck to see the readings for the smallest and most dangerous sort of particulate matter, called PM 2.5, which can enter deep into the respiratory system. These are named for the size, in microns, of the particles. A reading at a controversial monitoring station run by the American embassy showed a PM 2.5 level of 886 micrograms per cubic metre; Beijing's own municipal monitoring centre acknowledged readings in excess of 700 micrograms.

这些前所未见的数字高得难以置信，不过倒是和我们在室外看到、闻到和尝到的浓浓毒雾非常般配。我们都太熟悉这些空气质量测量方法的细节了，虽然并非我们所愿。在700有余的AQI读数之外，我们还为最小也是最危险、被称为"PM2.5"的微粒物质的指数感到相当震惊。这些微粒可以侵入呼吸系统深处，其名取自微粒的尺寸，单位是微米。美国大使馆运作的一个有争议的监测站数据显示PM2.5水平为每立方米886微克；北京市的检测中心只承认该数值超过700微克。

For perspective on that set of figures, consider that the guideline values set by the World Health Organisation regard any air with more than 25 micrograms of PM 2.5 per cubic metre as being of unacceptable quality.

为了解该数字的涵义，诸君可参考世界卫生组织设定的指导标准：任何PM2.5超过每立方米25毫克的空气质量都是不可接受的。

Chinese authorities have complained about the American embassy's insistence on independently monitoring―and publicly reporting―Beijing's air quality. And sometimes much is made of the vast differences between those readings and China's own official ones, which are often less dire. Indeed, a key feature of one of those mobile-phone apps is the side-by-side comparison of those competing data-sets. (It is of course a bad sign that people here need more than one app to keep up with all this.)

中国当局曾对美国大使馆执意独立检测（并公然报道）北京空气质量有所抱怨。有时人们会非常在意美国大使馆和中国官方数据（通常没那么吓人）间的巨大差别。事实上，这类手机应用的一个重要卖点就是能并排比较各家污染数据（如果北京人需要用几种手机应用来跟踪污染数据的话，显然不是什么好兆头）。

But on a day like Saturday, the discrepancy between official readings and independent ones hardly seemed to matter; you didn't need a weatherman to know which way the ill wind blew. Or failed to blow, as the case may have been. One expert quoted by Chinese media attributed this spike in pollution to a series of windless days that allowed pollutants to accumulate.

但在周六这天，官方和独立机构间数据的差距显得无关紧要了，无需天气预报员你就能知道邪风往哪刮了*，或者，就此事而言，风可能压根就没刮。中国媒体称有专家指出本次空气污染的高峰是因为连续的无风天气使污染物沉积所致。

*注：原文know which way the ill wind blew（译者暂译为：知道邪风往哪刮了）应该是指"无需天气预报员你就能知道出问题了"的意思。但尽力搜索后仍未找到确切的释义可以支持这个理解，只找到ill wind有"祸患中的意外收获"之意。译者能力有限无法确定理解无误，实在抱歉。

But wind can be a problem when it does blow, too. In the outlying provinces that are part of Beijing's airshed, there is a great deal of heavy industry. Pollution regulations are much harder to enforce there. And, in this colder-than-average winter, people have been burning more coal and wood than usual.

但如果风刮起来也是个问题。在北京气域外侧的省份有大量重型工业。污染治理法规在这些地区执行起来阻力更大。并且，在这个比以往要冷一些的冬季，人们烧的煤炭和木材也要比往年多一些。

It is likely to be many more Januarys to come before China gets the upper hand on its air-pollution problems. Indeed, as we mentioned last January 12th, after nearly sixty years of trying and a vast amount of progress, the city of Los Angeles has yet to meet America's federal air-quality standards. If there is any consolation to what Beijing had to endure this January 12th, it is that it should lend urgency to the public outcry, and help speed things in the right direction.

看来在中国控制住空气污染问题之前，我们还得熬过许多个一月。事实上，正如我们去年1月12日的文章提到的那样，在近60年的努力治理和显著进步后，洛杉矶市至今仍未达到美国的联邦空气质量标准。如果说北京在经历了今年的1月12日后能得到什么宽慰的话，那就是该市会更紧迫地倾听民众的呼声，并让事情加速朝正确的方向发展。

The other consolation is that readings like the ones showing now on Monday midday (in the mid 300s, merely "hazardous" and "severely polluted") feel fine by comparison.

另一种宽慰则是，有了对比，像现在周一中午的污染指数（350上下，仅仅是"有毒害"和"重度污染"而已）让人感觉还挺好。